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Parliament Hill is an area of open parkland in the south-east corner of Hampstead Heath in north-west London. The hill, which is high, is notable for its views of the capital's skyline. Many landmarks can be seen from its summit such as Canary Wharf, the Gherkin, the Shard and St Paul's Cathedral. The eponymous Houses of Parliament which are south in the City of Westminster can still be seen from Parliament Hill although they have become rather obscured by surrounding buildings. ==History== In 1133, the hill was part of a manor that Henry I gave to a baron called Richard de Balta. During Henry II's reign it was passed to Alexander de Barentyn, the king's butler. The area, which became known as Traitors' Hill, acquired its current name in the 17th century because during the English Civil War it was defended by troops loyal to the English Parliament. A legend states that this was the site from where Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby planned to watch the destruction of Parliament in the Gunpowder Plot on 5 November 1605.〔http://www.shadyoldlady.com/location.php?loc=915〕 Over time, plots of land in the manor were sold off for building, particularly in the early 19th century, though the hill remained mainly common land. In 1875 Hampstead Heath was acquired for the people by the Metropolitan Board of Works.〔Thompson, Hampstead, 130, 165, 195, 317-18, 329- 30; G.L.R.O., E/MW/H, old no. 27/15 (sales parts. 1875).〕 Thirteen years later Parliament Hill was purchased for the public for £300,000 and added to Hampstead Heath. Nevertheless, manorial rights to the land remained in private hands until the mid 20th century when they lapsed under Sir Spencer Pocklington Maryon Wilson, though the titular estate itself was passed on to Shane Gough, 5th Viscount Gough. 〔(Hampstead - Manor and Other Estates | British History Online )〕 Until the 1940s, livestock was still reared on the hill to be sold through Smithfields, the London meat market. The City of London Corporation has managed Parliament Hill since 1989.〔(Hampstead Heath )〕 Before that it was managed by the GLC and then Camden Council. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parliament Hill, London」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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